Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:
active
|
passive
|
|
The
hunter killed the lion.
|
>>
|
The
lion was killed by the hunter.
|
Someone
has cleaned the windows
|
>>
|
The
windows have been cleaned
|
The passive forms are made up of the verb be with a past participle:
be
|
past participle
|
||
English
|
is
|
spoken
|
all over the world
|
The windows
|
have been
|
cleaned
|
|
Lunch
|
was being
|
served
|
|
The work
|
will be
|
finished
|
soon
|
They
|
might have been
|
invited
|
to the party
|
We sometimes use the verb get to form the passive:
Be careful with the glass. It might get broken.
Peter got hurt in a crash.
Peter got hurt in a crash.
If we want to show the person or thing doing the action we use by:
She was attacked by a dangerous dog.
The money was stolen by her husband.
The money was stolen by her husband.
We can use the indirect object as the subject of a passive
verb:
active
|
passive
|
|
I
gave him a book for his birthday
|
>>
|
He
was given a book for his birthday.
|
Someone
sent her a cheque for a thousand euros
|
>>
|
She
was sent a cheque for a thousand euros.
|
We can use phrasal verbs in the passive:
active
|
passive
|
|
They called
off the meeting.
|
>>
|
The
meeting was called off.
|
His
grandmother looked after him.
|
>>
|
He was
looked after by his grandmother.
|
They will
send him away to school.
|
>>
|
He will
be sent away to school.
|
Some verbs very frequently used in the passive are
followed by the to-infinitive:
be supposed to
|
be expected to
|
be asked to
|
be scheduled to
|
be allowed to
|
be told to
|
John has been asked to make a speech at the meeting.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven.
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