USOS DE DO / DOES / DID EN INGLÉS: EXPLICACIÓN COMPLETA

SOURCE: sponglish.com

USOS DE DO / DOES / DID: Explicación completa

Los verbos DO, DOES y DID pueden funcionar como:

1. Auxiliares (para preguntas, negaciones y énfasis)
2. Verbos principales (con significado: “hacer”)
3. Sustitutos verbales en respuestas
4. Elementos de énfasis
5. Parte de expresiones fijas y modismos

Vamos parte por parte.

1. DO / DOES como auxiliares en el presente simple

Se usan para:

• formar preguntas
• formar negaciones
• dar énfasis
• respuestas cortas

✔ 1.1. Cuándo usar DO

Con los sujetos:

• I
• You
• We
• They

Ejemplos:

• Do you work here?
• Do they speak English?
• I do not (don’t) like spicy food.

✔ 1.2. Cuándo usar DOES

Con los sujetos:

• He
• She
• It

Ejemplos:

• Does she know your name?
• Does it work?
• He does not (doesn’t) eat meat.

✔ 1.3. Regla fundamental:

➤ Después de DO/DOES el verbo va en forma base (sin “s”, sin “ed”).

❌ Does she likes pizza?

✔ Does she like pizza?

❌ Do they goes to school?

✔ Do they go to school?

2. DID como auxiliar en el pasado simple

Se usa con todos los sujetos.

✔ 2.1. Preguntas:

• Did you see the movie?
• Did he call you?
• Did they arrive on time?

Regla:

El verbo principal queda en forma base.

❌ Did she went?

✔ Did she go?

✔ 2.2. Negaciones con DIDN’T

• I didn’t eat breakfast.
• She didn’t study yesterday.
• They didn’t understand the question.

Regla:

Después de didn’t, verbo en forma base.

❌ I didn’t ate

✔ I didn’t eat

3. DO / DOES / DID como verbos principales

Significado: “hacer”

En este uso, NO son auxiliares, sino verbos plenos.

✔ Present simple

• I do my homework every night.
• She does the dishes after dinner.
• They do exercise every morning.

✔ Past simple

• I did the laundry yesterday.
• He did his best.
• They did the project by themselves.

4. DO / DOES / DID para énfasis

Sirven para enfatizar, insistir o reforzar una idea.

✔ En el presente:

• I do want to go!
• She does like you.
• They do know the answer.

✔ En el pasado:

• I did call you!
• He did try his best.
• They did finish the work.

En estos casos, después va el verbo en base.

5. DO como verbo sustituto (Substitute Verb)

Se usa para evitar repetir el verbo en una oración.

✔ Ejemplos:

— Do you like chocolate?

— Yes, I do. (evita repetir “like chocolate”)

— He works hard.

— Yes, he does.

— Did they finish?

— Yes, they did.

6. Preguntas tipo “WH” con DO / DOES / DID

Se usan cuando la pregunta NO es sobre el sujeto.

✔ Ejemplos en presente:

• Where do you live?
• What time does he get up?
• Why do they study English?

✔ Ejemplos en pasado:

• Where did you go?
• When did they arrive?
• What did she say?

Regla: el verbo principal va en forma base.

7. Preguntas negativas

✔ Presente

• Don’t you like coffee?
• Doesn’t he work here?

✔ Pasado

• Didn’t they call you?
• Didn’t she finish?

Estas preguntas a veces expresan sorpresa.

8. DO en expresiones fijas

El verbo DO aparece como verbo principal en varias colocaciones:

✔ Actividades domésticas

• do the dishes
• do the laundry
• do the cleaning
• do the shopping

✔ Actividades intelectuales

• do homework
• do research
• do a project

✔ Expresiones generales

• do your best
• do damage
• do business
• do someone a favor
• do harm
• do good

9. DO en frases idiomáticas

• I could do with a break. (me vendría bien)
• That will do. (basta / es suficiente)
• Let’s do away with this rule. (eliminar)
• He did time in prison. (cumplió condena)

10. Resumen final

Tiempo	Auxiliar	Sujetos	Ejemplo
Presente	DO	I, you, we, they	Do you work here?
Presente	DOES	he, she, it	Does she like tea?
Pasado	DID	todos	Did they arrive?

📌 Después de DO/DOES/DID → verbo en forma base

📌 DO/DOES/DID pueden ser auxiliares o verbos principales

📌 DID se usa para todo en pasado

📌 DOES se usa solo con he/she/it