DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "LEND" AND "BORROW" IN ENGLISH

SOURCE: americanenglish.state.gov

REVISION: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SEE/LOOK/WATCH AND SAY/TELL

SOURCE: www.vulingo.com

SOURCE: www.americanenglish.state.gov

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN "FOR" AND "DURING" IN ENGLISH

Difference between for and during in English

The difference between for and during is pretty confusing for many learners of English. However, despite semantic similarity, they are used in a different way. The problem seems to be that in other languages, like in Spanish, these two words (for and during) are translated as a same word. In the case of Spanish for and during are translated as durante, which unfortunately for learners is pretty similar to during.

The use of for in English

The word for is a preposition which is usually followed by “a/an” or a number, plus a unit of time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc.). This preposition is used to express the duration of something:

I have lived in Granada for 10 years.

We have known each other for a couple of months.

The film lasted for 2 hours.

If we pay close attention, the preposition for answers always the question “How long…?”:

How long have you lived in Granada? (For) 10 years.

How long have you known each other? (For) a couple of months.

How long did the film last for? It lasted for 2 hours.

In this way, it is relatively easy to identify when to use for.

The use of during in English

During is another English preposition which tells us when something happens in time. Besides, it is usually followed by a noun which is not necessarily a time unit. 

Let’s see some examples:

We couldn’t get any cigarettes during the war.

He died during the night.

All the hotels are full during the summer season.

In the same way as for, during also answers a question, but not “How long…?”, but rather “When…?”:

When couldn’t you get any cigarettes? During the war.

When did he die? During the night.

When are all the hotels full? During the summer season.

In conclusion, according to the previous examples, the difference between for and during is that for tells us how long an action is, while during tells us when something happened. For this reason, if you ever need to know which one to use, you can ask yourself: Do I need to answer “How long…?” or “When…?”. It’s that simple!

SOURCE: keepsmilingenglish.com

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN "TO" AND "FOR" IN ENGLISH

1. Use TO in these cases:

Motive/Reason (with verb)        

·         I went to the store to buy milk.

What time it is    

·         It was a quarter to six when I left.

Destination          

·         I shall go to London next month.

Distance               

·         It’s about ten kilometers from my house to my school.

Comparing          

·         I prefer this dress to the one you were wearing yesterday.

Giving   

·         He gave the pen to his friend.

2. Use FOR in these cases:

Motive/Reason (with noun)       

·         I went to the store for milk.

Period of time   

·         The couple took the house for 2 years.

Benefits              

·         A win is always good for morale.

Function – with verb (-ing form)               

·         She had a special talent for learning languages.

Agree with          

·         Are you for or against his idea?

Doing something to help someone          

·         Could you carry my case for me?

ENCONTRADO EN: www.eslbuzz.com

HOW TO USE "TOO" AND "ENOUGH" IN ENGLISH

ENCONTRADO EN: www.eslbuzz.com

DIFFERENT USES OF LOOK, SEEM AND APPEAR

1)   Look, seem and appear

Look, seem and appear are all copular verbs and can be used in a similar way to indicate the impression you get from something or somebody. Copula verbs join adjectives (or noun compounds) to subjects:

She looks unhappy (here look is more oftenly used with temporary status, e.g. mood)

He seems nice (here seem is more commonly used with permanent condition, e.g. personality)

They appear (to be) contented.

Note that adjectives, not adverbs, are used after copular verbs. We do not say:

She looked angrily.

He seems cleverly.

We have to say:

She looked angry.

He seems clever.

Of course, when look is not used as a copular verb, but as a transitive verb with an object, an adverb will describe how someone looks:

She looked angrily at the intruder.

2)   Look / seem - as if / like

After look and seem, but not normally after appear, we can use an as if / like construction:

It looks as if it's going to rain again.

It looks like we're going home without a suntan.

It seems as if they're no longer in love.

It seems like she'll never agree to a divorce.

3)   Seem / appear to + infinitive

After seem and appear we often use a to + infinitive construction (or a perfect infinitive construction for past events). We cannot use look in this way. Compare the following:

They appear to have run away from home. They cannot be traced.

I seem to have lost my way. Can you help me?

It seems to be some kind of jellyfish. Do not go near it.

They appear not to be at home. Nobody's answering.

They do not appear to be at home. No one's answering.

We can also use a that-clause after It seems?... and It appears..., but not after look. It looks... has to be followed by an as if / like clause:

It seems that I may have made a mistake in believing you did this.

It appears that you may be quite innocent of any crime.

It looks as if / like you won't go to prison after all.

4)   Appear / seem - differences in meaning

You can use seem to talk about more objective facts or impressions and about more subjective and emotional impressions. We do not usually use appear to refer to emotions and subjective impressions. Compare the following:

·   impressions / emotions:

It seems a shame that we can't take Kevin on holiday with us.

It doesn't seem like a good idea to leave him here by himself.

It seems ridiculous that he has to stay here to look after the cat.

·   more objective facts and impressions:

They have the same surname, but they don't appear / seem to be related.

She's not getting any better. It seems / appears that she's not been taking the medication.

5)   Non-copular use of appear and look

Note that seem is used only as a copular verb, but both appear and look have other meanings and uses:

·   appear = (begin to) be seen:

She has appeared in five Broadway musicals since 2000.

Cracks have suddenly appeared in the walls in our lounge.

Digital radios for less than £50 began to appear in the shops before the end of last year.

·   look = direct your eyes / search:

I've looked everywhere for my passport, but I can't find it.

I've looked through all the drawers and through all my files.

He didn't see me because he was looking the other way.

Note that look is used in a wide range of phrasal verbs:

Could you look after the children this afternoon while I go shopping?

Could you look at my essay before I hand it in?

I'm looking for size 36 in light blue. Do you have it?

It's been a hard year. I'm looking forward to a holiday now.

I've written a letter of complaint and they've promised to look into the matter.

Look out for me at the concert. I'll probably be there by ten o' clock.

Don't you want to look round the school before enrolling your children?

He's a wonderful role model for other players to look up to.

If you don't know the meaning of these phrasal verbs, look them up in a dictionary.

ADAPTED FROM: www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN "DO" AND "MAKE" (EXTENSION)

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN "DO" AND "MAKE" (EXTENSION)

It can be hard to decide when to use 'make' or 'do' in English. Here's some help.

1: We use 'make' when we create or construct something. For example:

         

She made a cake.

I've made us some coffee.

Did you really make those trousers?

2: We use 'do' for general activities. In this case, 'do' is often used with 'something', 'nothing', 'anything' or 'everything':

What did you do at the weekend?

I didn't do anything yesterday.

She's fed up with doing everything herself. She needs some help.

Are you doing anything interesting during the holidays?

NOTE: 'What do you do?' means 'what's your job?'

3: There are many, many fixed expressions with 'make' and 'do'. Unfortunately, they don't really follow any useful rules, so you have to learn them. Sorry!

Here's a list:

DO:

30 mph (miles per hour)	Many people do more than 30 mph through this town. It's very dangerous.
badly	She did very badly on the exam, so she'll have to retake it.
your best	Don't worry about getting everything correct. Just do your best.
business	It's been a pleasure doing business with you.
chores	I have to go home and do some chores this afternoon.
a course	John has decided to do a course in computing this autumn.
a crossword	She sat on the sofa, doing a crossword and drinking tea.
damage	The storm has done a lot of damage to the house.
the dishes / the washing up	I really hate doing the dishes. I'm hoping to buy a dishwasher this year.
a drawing	The little boy spent hours doing a drawing.
your duty	He has to do his duty and look after his elderly parents.
an exam	I have to do three exams and write a huge essay this term.
exercise	Julie likes doing exercise, especially running.
an exercise	The teacher asked us to do a lot of grammar exercises over the holidays
someone a favour	My friend did me a huge favour and lent me some money.
the gardening	David often spends Sunday afternoons doing gardening.
good	She helps homeless people and tries to do good.
you good	You should eat your vegetables. They'll do you good!
your hair	Allie spends ages doing her hair in the morning.
harm	I spilt coffee on my suit and tried to clean it, but I did more harm than good. It looks even worse now!
homework	Have you finished doing your homework?
housework	Let's do the housework quickly this morning, then we can go out for lunch.
the ironing	My mother listens to the radio while she does the ironing.
a job	I think the students did a great job with this essay. It's excellent.
the laundry / the washing	He did the laundry, cleaned the house, and made dinner.
your nails	Jenny likes to do her nails each week.
a painting	There was an old man sitting on the bank of the river, doing a painting.
paperwork	Does everybody hate doing paperwork?
research	I'm doing some research for my thesis at the moment.
the shopping	I'll do the shopping tomorrow morning. We need milk, bread, pasta and bananas.
time (= be in prison)	He broke into a bank, was caught by the police, and now he's doing time.
well	My sister is doing well in her new job.
work	Unfortunately, Lucy does a lot of work at the weekends.
your worst	I've bought all new winter clothes:– boots, a coat and a very warm hat. Weather, do your worst!

MAKE:

amends	I'm so sorry that I upset you. How can I make amends?
an appointment	She had toothache, so she made an appointment with the dentist for the following day.
arrangements	Okay, so we're going to go on holiday in September. Let's make some arrangements. I'll find a hotel, and you can look at flights.
an attempt	I know we might not catch the plane, but let's at least make an attempt to be on time.
believe	The children's favourite game is to make believe that they are kings and queens from long ago.
certain	I think the café opens at six, but let's make certain. I don't want to be standing in the street waiting!
a change	I've made some changes to the document.
a choice	Which job are you going to take? You need to make a choice.
a comment	My mother made a comment about my shoes.
a complaint	The food took so long to arrive that Julie made a complaint to the manager.
a confession	I'd like to make a confession. I was the one who ate the last of the chocolate.
a date	I'd love to see you soon. How about if we make a date for next week?
a decision	I've made my decision. I'm going to go back to university.
a difference	Going to the gym has really made a difference to how I feel.
a discovery	When John was last in London he made a discovery - a beautiful little café in a quiet street.
an effort	You're not trying hard enough! Make an effort!
an error	He made several errors on the report, and the boss told him to rewrite it.
your escape	The bank robbers took £10,000 from the safe and then made their escape.
an exception	Usually the children aren't allowed to watch TV but I made an exception today since the weather was so horrible.
an excuse	Why was Lisa late? Did she make an excuse?
a face	The child took a bite of the broccoli and made a face.
a fire	We put up our tent, made a fire, and had a hot drink.
a fool of yourself	You shouldn't sing in front of everyone! You'll make a fool of yourself.
a fortune	Lucy made a fortune when she sold her company. Now she doesn't have to work.
friends	She loved university and made lots of friends.
fun of	The children love to make fun of the teacher,– but only when she's not looking.
a fuss	It's okay! I'm fine, it's just a cough. Don't make a fuss!
an impression	Jenny certainly made an impression last night! All my friends are asking about her.
a joke	The interview was very tense at the beginning, but then John made a joke, and after that it was much more relaxed.
a journey	Because of the snow, try not to make any journeys which are not absolutely essential.
a list	First, I must make a list of all the things I need to do.
a loss	Their business made a loss the first year, but did much better after that.
love	The hero and the heroine made love in the film.
a mess	What a mess you've made! Can't you tidy up a bit?
a mistake	She made so many mistakes in her essay that the teacher couldn't understand it.
money	John made a lot of money in his twenties and was able to retire at the age of 35.
a move	Look how late it is! Let's make a move.
a noise	Please try not to make a noise when you come home, because I'll be asleep.
an observation	Could I make an observation? I don't think some of our customers like the new adverts.
an offer	She made an offer on a house. She's nervous because she'll find out today if it has been accepted, and she really wants to buy that house.
a payment	Hello? I'd like to make a credit card payment, please.
a phone call	I'm going to go outside and make a phone call. It's too noisy in here.
plans	David is making plans to move to Paris.
a point	The professor used lots of examples to make his point.
a prediction	The journalist made a prediction about the economy, but in the end it wasn't correct.
a profit	His business made a profit from the beginning.
progress	Finally, after being stuck in a traffic jam for an hour, we're making some progress! We'll arrive by 8pm.
a promise	I must study hard today. I made a promise to my mum that I wouldn't fail any more exams.
a remark	John was upset because the boss made a negative remark about his work.
a reservation	Could you call the restaurant and make a reservation for tonight?
a scene	Susie made a scene in the café when her order was wrong. She shouted at all the staff and demanded to speak to the manager.
a sound	Don't make a sound! We need to be completely quiet.
a speech	The bride's father often makes a speech at her wedding.
a suggestion	Could I make a suggestion? How about going out for dinner?
sure	I don't think I left the gate open, but I'm just going to go and make sure.
the bed	Could you please make the bed before you leave the house? Otherwise it looks so messy with the duvet and the pillows everywhere.
time (=find time to do something)	Everybody's busy, but you need to make time to study. Otherwise you won't be able to get a better job.
trouble	That employee is trying to make trouble. He is always telling the boss bad things about his colleagues.
a visit	I'll call you this afternoon.– I need to make a visit to my granny this morning.
your mind up	Do you want chocolate or strawberry ice cream? Make your mind up quickly!
your way	After the film, John made his way to a café, where he had two cups of coffee and some cake.

 SOURCE: www.perfect-english-grammar.com