SOURCE: sponglish.com
USOS DE DO / DOES / DID: Explicación completa
Los verbos DO, DOES y DID pueden
funcionar como:
- Auxiliares
(para preguntas, negaciones y énfasis)
- Verbos
principales (con significado: “hacer”)
- Sustitutos
verbales en respuestas
- Elementos
de énfasis
- Parte
de expresiones fijas y modismos
Vamos parte por parte.
1. DO / DOES como auxiliares
en el presente simple
Se usan para:
- formar
preguntas
- formar
negaciones
- dar
énfasis
- respuestas
cortas
✔ 1.1. Cuándo usar DO
Con los sujetos:
- I
- You
- We
- They
Ejemplos:
- Do
you work here?
- Do
they speak English?
- I do
not (don’t) like spicy food.
✔ 1.2. Cuándo usar DOES
Con los sujetos:
- He
- She
- It
Ejemplos:
- Does
she know your name?
- Does
it work?
- He does
not (doesn’t) eat meat.
✔ 1.3. Regla fundamental:
➤ Después de DO/DOES el verbo va
en forma base (sin “s”, sin “ed”).
2. DID como auxiliar en
el pasado simple
Se usa con todos los sujetos.
✔ 2.1. Preguntas:
- Did
you see the movie?
- Did
he call you?
- Did
they arrive on time?
Regla:
El verbo principal queda en forma base.
✔ 2.2. Negaciones con DIDN’T
- I didn’t
eat breakfast.
- She
didn’t study yesterday.
- They
didn’t understand the question.
Regla:
Después de didn’t, verbo en forma base.
3. DO / DOES / DID como
verbos principales
Significado: “hacer”
En este uso, NO son auxiliares, sino verbos plenos.
✔ Present simple
- I do my homework every
night.
- She does the dishes
after dinner.
- They do exercise every
morning.
✔ Past simple
- I did the laundry
yesterday.
- He did
his best.
- They did the project by themselves.
4. DO / DOES / DID para énfasis
Sirven para enfatizar, insistir o reforzar una idea.
✔ En el presente:
- I do want to go!
- She
does like you.
- They do know the answer.
✔ En el pasado:
- I did
call you!
- He did try his best.
- They did finish the
work.
En estos casos, después va el verbo en base.
5. DO como verbo
sustituto (Substitute Verb)
Se usa para evitar repetir el verbo en una oración.
✔ Ejemplos:
6. Preguntas tipo “WH”
con DO / DOES / DID
Se usan cuando la pregunta NO es sobre el sujeto.
✔ Ejemplos en presente:
- Where
do you live?
- What time does he get
up?
- Why do they study
English?
✔ Ejemplos en pasado:
- Where
did you go?
- When
did they arrive?
- What
did she say?
Regla: el verbo principal va en forma base.
7. Preguntas negativas
✔ Presente
- Don’t
you like coffee?
- Doesn’t
he work here?
✔ Pasado
- Didn’t
they call you?
- Didn’t
she finish?
Estas preguntas a veces expresan sorpresa.
8. DO en expresiones
fijas
El verbo DO aparece como verbo principal en varias
colocaciones:
✔ Actividades domésticas
- do
the dishes
- do
the laundry
- do
the cleaning
- do
the shopping
✔ Actividades intelectuales
- do
homework
- do
research
- do
a project
✔ Expresiones generales
- do
your best
- do
damage
- do
business
- do
someone a favor
- do
harm
- do good
9. DO en frases idiomáticas
- I could do with a break.
(me vendría bien)
- That
will do. (basta / es suficiente)
- Let’s do away with this
rule. (eliminar)
- He did time in prison. (cumplió condena)
10. Resumen final
|
Tiempo |
Auxiliar |
Sujetos |
Ejemplo |
|
Presente |
DO |
I, you, we, they |
Do you work here? |
|
Presente |
DOES |
he, she, it |
Does she like tea? |
|
Pasado |
DID |
todos |
Did they arrive? |
