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USOS DE DO / DOES / DID EN INGLÉS: EXPLICACIÓN COMPLETA
SOURCE: sponglish.com
USOS DE DO / DOES / DID: Explicación completa
Los verbos DO, DOES y DID pueden
funcionar como:
- Auxiliares
(para preguntas, negaciones y énfasis)
- Verbos
principales (con significado: “hacer”)
- Sustitutos
verbales en respuestas
- Elementos
de énfasis
- Parte
de expresiones fijas y modismos
Vamos parte por parte.
1. DO / DOES como auxiliares
en el presente simple
Se usan para:
- formar
preguntas
- formar
negaciones
- dar
énfasis
- respuestas
cortas
✔ 1.1. Cuándo usar DO
Con los sujetos:
- I
- You
- We
- They
Ejemplos:
- Do
you work here?
- Do
they speak English?
- I do
not (don’t) like spicy food.
✔ 1.2. Cuándo usar DOES
Con los sujetos:
- He
- She
- It
Ejemplos:
- Does
she know your name?
- Does
it work?
- He does
not (doesn’t) eat meat.
✔ 1.3. Regla fundamental:
➤ Después de DO/DOES el verbo va
en forma base (sin “s”, sin “ed”).
❌ Does she likes pizza?
✔ Does she like pizza?
❌ Do they goes to school?
✔ Do they go to school?
2. DID como auxiliar en
el pasado simple
Se usa con todos los sujetos.
✔ 2.1. Preguntas:
- Did
you see the movie?
- Did
he call you?
- Did
they arrive on time?
Regla:
El verbo principal queda en forma base.
❌ Did she went?
✔ Did she go?
✔ 2.2. Negaciones con DIDN’T
- I didn’t
eat breakfast.
- She
didn’t study yesterday.
- They
didn’t understand the question.
Regla:
Después de didn’t, verbo en forma base.
❌ I didn’t ate
✔ I didn’t eat
3. DO / DOES / DID como
verbos principales
Significado: “hacer”
En este uso, NO son auxiliares, sino verbos plenos.
✔ Present simple
- I do my homework every
night.
- She does the dishes
after dinner.
- They do exercise every
morning.
✔ Past simple
- I did the laundry
yesterday.
- He did
his best.
- They did the project by themselves.
4. DO / DOES / DID para énfasis
Sirven para enfatizar, insistir o reforzar una idea.
✔ En el presente:
- I do want to go!
- She
does like you.
- They do know the answer.
✔ En el pasado:
- I did
call you!
- He did try his best.
- They did finish the
work.
En estos casos, después va el verbo en base.
5. DO como verbo
sustituto (Substitute Verb)
Se usa para evitar repetir el verbo en una oración.
✔ Ejemplos:
— Do you
like chocolate?
— Yes, I do. (evita repetir “like chocolate”)
— He works
hard.
— Yes, he does.
— Did they
finish?
— Yes, they did.
6. Preguntas tipo “WH”
con DO / DOES / DID
Se usan cuando la pregunta NO es sobre el sujeto.
✔ Ejemplos en presente:
- Where
do you live?
- What time does he get
up?
- Why do they study
English?
✔ Ejemplos en pasado:
- Where
did you go?
- When
did they arrive?
- What
did she say?
Regla: el verbo principal va en forma base.
7. Preguntas negativas
✔ Presente
- Don’t
you like coffee?
- Doesn’t
he work here?
✔ Pasado
- Didn’t
they call you?
- Didn’t
she finish?
Estas preguntas a veces expresan sorpresa.
8. DO en expresiones
fijas
El verbo DO aparece como verbo principal en varias
colocaciones:
✔ Actividades domésticas
- do
the dishes
- do
the laundry
- do
the cleaning
- do
the shopping
✔ Actividades intelectuales
- do
homework
- do
research
- do
a project
✔ Expresiones generales
- do
your best
- do
damage
- do
business
- do
someone a favor
- do
harm
- do good
9. DO en frases idiomáticas
- I could do with a break.
(me vendría bien)
- That
will do. (basta / es suficiente)
- Let’s do away with this
rule. (eliminar)
- He did time in prison. (cumplió condena)
10. Resumen final
|
Tiempo |
Auxiliar |
Sujetos |
Ejemplo |
|
Presente |
DO |
I, you, we, they |
Do you work here? |
|
Presente |
DOES |
he, she, it |
Does she like tea? |
|
Pasado |
DID |
todos |
Did they arrive? |
📌 Después de DO/DOES/DID
→ verbo en forma base
📌
DO/DOES/DID pueden ser auxiliares o verbos principales
📌
DID se usa para todo en pasado
📌
DOES se usa solo con he/she/it
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THE PASSIVE VOICE: A QUICK REVISION
In English, active and passive verb forms are two different ways of expressing actions and their subjects. Here's a detailed explanation with examples:
1. Active Voice
In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. The focus is on the doer of the action.
Structure: Subject + Verb + Object
Example: The dog (subject) bit (verb) the ball (object).
Here, "the dog" is performing the action of "biting" the ball.
2. Passive Voice
In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action. The focus is on the action or the recipient of the action, rather than who is performing it. Often, the doer of the action is either mentioned at the end of the sentence (after the word "by") or omitted if it's not important.
Structure: Subject + Form of "be" (am, is, are, was, were, etc.) + Past Participle of the Verb + (by + Agent)
Example: The ball (subject) was bitten (verb) by the dog (agent).
In this passive sentence, the focus is on the ball, which is receiving the action of being bitten, rather than the dog performing the action.
Examples of Active vs. Passive Voice:
Active: She reads the book.
Passive: The book is read by her.Active: They built the house.
Passive: The house was built by them.Active: The teacher explained the lesson.
Passive: The lesson was explained by the teacher.
When to Use Active vs. Passive Voice:
- Active voice is generally clearer, more direct, and preferred in most writing, especially when the subject (doer) is important.
- Passive voice is useful when the action or the recipient of the action is more important than the doer, or when the doer is unknown or unimportant.
For example:
- Active: The chef cooked a delicious meal. (Focus on the chef)
- Passive: A delicious meal was cooked. (Focus on the meal)
COMMON SOURCE OF IMAGES: test-english.com
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