Reported speech is how we represent the
speech of other people or what we ourselves say.
Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how
we remember their words:
Ex: Barbara said, “I didn’t realise it was
midnight.”
In indirect speech, the original
speaker’s words are changed.
Ex: Barbara said she hadn’t realised it was
midnight.
If you have a sentence in Direct Speech, try to follow
our 5 steps to put the sentence into Reported Speech:
1.
Define
the type of the sentence (statement, questions,
command)
2.
What tense is
used in the introductory sentence?
3.
Do
you have to change the person (pronoun)?
4.
Do
you have to backshift the tenses?
5.
Do
you have to change expressions of time and place?
Tense changes when using reported speech:
Reporting verbs:
We can use say and tell to
report statements in direct speech.
Other reporting verbs:
add, admit, advise, agree, announce, answer, ask,
claim, comment, complain, confess, confirm, continue, cry (=shout), demand,
enquire, explain, hint, inform, insist, interrupt, maintain, note, observe,
offer, order, point out, promise, protest, repeat, reply, shout, state,
suggest, threaten, warn, wonder.
Conversion of expressions of time and place:
If there is an expression of time/place in the
sentence, it may be changed, depending on the situation.
- Direct
Speech →
Peter: “I worked in the garden yesterday.”
- Reported Speech → Peter said (that) he had worked in the garden the day before.
ENCONTRADO EN: languagelearningbase.com
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